Jaime De La Ossa-V ¹, Alexander Perez-Cordero ¹, Donicer Montes-Vergara ¹

Affiliations
1 Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad de Sucre, CO

Abstract

Objective: We have evaluated aspects related with the subsistence hunting of Podocnemis Lewyana and Rhinoclemmys melanosterna, chelonians that inhabit the wetlands of the low San Jorge River in the Colombian Caribbean. Methods/statistical Analysis: During the first four months of 2018, representative sample of 83 resource extractivists and the information was collected through the survey method; the capture effort was calculated; for the population parameters, the number of individuals and the total length of the carapace were taken into account. The socioeconomic aspects linked to the use of the resource were characterized and also included descriptive statistic and the Kruskal Wallis test. Findings: It is determined that both the turtle hunt as well as its commercialization is significantly carried out by people of the male sex. The effort of capture has very high comparative values, which indicates for P. lewyana, that its populations are deteriorated, aspect that is corroborated, because the capture was minimal and composed only with juvenile animals. The methods of capture, in general, are harmful for the animal, even, as in the case of the burning of pastures, highly impacting. Evidence obtained indicates that the use of R. melanosterna, consumed exclusively in the diet of the hunters, because it is a species without commercial appreciation, is a new variant of the substitution effect, which occurs because the species of chelonians with Sale value is marketed and those that are not eaten. Application: Knowledge of the ecological and social aspects that are involved in the use of wildlife is a valuable input to advance conservation programs; especially when it comes to chelonians.

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Jaime De La Ossa-V ¹, Donicer Montes Vergara ¹, Alexander Perez-Cordero ¹

Affiliations
1 Programa de Zootecnia, Universidad de Sucre, CO

Abstract

Objective: To document the presence of Milvago chimachima in the urban center of Santiago de Tolu, Sucre, Colombia, as a regular inhabitant, while determining its density and area of action, taking notes on its feeding habits and exploring reproductive and population aspects for the two seasons: rainy and dry. Methods/Statistical Analysis: This study was carried out in the urban area of Santiago de Tolu, Sucre Department, Colombia in the southern region of the Colombian Caribbean. The observations was made during six months of the year 2017, three months in the dry season and three months in the rainy season; two areas were selected, each with 24 ha and four sighting points were established using the synchronized total sampling method, with a total sampling effort of 384 hours. Variance analysis and Duncan’s test was applied and the density was determined directly. Findings: The population density was between 0.333 and 0.416 Ind/ ha for both adults and juveniles, with significant differences for the area and season. The area of action was between 2.4 and 3.0 ha/Ind and the M. chimachima feeding habits agreed with that recorded for the species, which is classified as an opportunistic, generalist scavenger hunter. Interspecific coprophagy has been reported. Application: The findings of this study expand the knowledge on the ecology and behavior of this falconiform species with urban occurrence and a wide presence in the Colombian Caribbean.

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Jaime De La Ossa-V ¹, Alejandro De La Ossa-Lacayo ²

Affiliations
1 Universidad de Sucre, Colombia. Grupo de Investigacion en Biodiversidad Tropical. Sincelejo, Sucre, CO
2 Selvagua SAS. Grupo de Investigacion en Biodiversidad Tropical de la Universidad de Sucre, CO

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the use and trade of Trachemys callirostris (Colombian slider), Rhinoclemmys melanosterna (Colombian wood turtle) and Kinosternon scorpioides (Scorpion mud turtle) during the months of January to May, 2015. Methods/statistical Analysis: This study was carried out in the south of the Department of Sucre, Colombia, taking sample in the municipalities of San Marcos and Caimito with traditional sites of extraction, stockpiling and distribution for these turtles. 110 surveys were given to collect information on the availability, use and trade of hunted chelonians. Findings: The most commonly used species in both municipalities was T. callirostris, which had 66% commercialized and 34% subsistence consumption. The hunting effort for T. callirostris resulted in, on average, 66 individuals/month/ hunter. The average sale price that the hunter obtained was $3,567 Colombian Pesos (COP) (US $1.20), for a monthly/ hunter income of $235,422 COP (US $78.5). As for R. melanosterna and K. scorpioides, their capture rate was incidental, and their consumption was a measure of occasional and opportunistic exploitation. Application: The hunting of turtles and their consumption are linked to the culture of the study area and, in many cases, are a subsistence strategy that, according to economic calculations, produces temporary, insignificant income that does not justify this practice from a market perspective.

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Donicer Montes Vergara ¹, Jaime De La Ossa-V ², Alexander Perez-Cordero ³

Affiliations
1 Grupo de investigación Reproducción y Mejoramiento Genético Animal, CO
2 Grupo de investigación Biodiversidad Tropical, CO
3 Grupo de investigacion en Bioprospeccion Agropecuarias Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, CO

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate some growth characteristics Birth Weight (BW), Adjust Weaning Weight (AWW) and Daily Weight Gains (DWG) between birth and weaning of bovine females managed under grazing conditions in the Mojana subregion of the department of Sucre Colombia. Methods / Statistical Analysis: Made an analysis of the information of the productive records of the offspring born from the year 2017 – 2018 in 3 livestock farms. The genetic analysis belonged to the race Zebu, F1 Romo x Zebu and F1 Simmental x Zebu was done. The statistical model used included the effects of year of birth, weaning, farm, racial group, paternal and maternal race. For the analysis, the minimum squares method was used by the PROC GLM procedure, contained in the Statistical Analysis System (SAS). Tukey’s multiple comparison test was performed to determine differences between means, when these differed statistically in the analysis of variance. Findings: The mean for BW, AWW and DWG were 27.5 ± 3.1; 155.5 ± 3.2 kg and 485, ±06 gr/day respectively. The effects of racial group, paternal type and farm were significant (p≤0.05; p≤0.01). On the contrary, the year of birth, as well as the year of adjusted weaning, did not significantly affect (p>0.05) the characteristics analyzed. Application: There are differences between the genetic groups for the analyzed characteristic, which can be used in animal genetic improvement programs in the farms analyzed, in order to achieve increases in the productive variable of growth.

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Alexander Perez-Cordero ¹, Jaime de la Ossa-V ¹, Donicer Montes-Vergara ¹

Affiliations
1 Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad de Sucre, CO

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the antagonistic activity of the essential oils of Cananga odorata flowers as a phytosanitary alternative against the phytopathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The essential oils were obtained from C. odorata yellow flowers in the municipalities of Sincelejo and La Union, Sucre, by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation. The tests of antagonistic activity were carried out on the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides. The chemical profiles of the oils were made by GC/MS. With the results, the variance analysis and the Tukey test (p-value≤0.05) were performed for the significant differences. Findings: The results show that the flowers of C. odorata are a potential source of the raw material for the production of essential oils, due to their high yield, for which commercial exploitation is proposed. Presented the essential oil collected in Sincelejo the highest yields with 0.86% (v/w). In addition, the two essential oils presented antagonistic activity against C. gloeosporioides, being the one collected in Sincelejo the one that showed the highest averages of inhibition with 62.17%, followed by La Union with 57.38%. But at concentrations of 20,000 mg/L, 100% inhibition was found, similar to the positive control with benomyl. The MIC was 17,000 mg/L and 18,000 mg/L with 88.47% and 84.65% for Sincelejo and La Union, respectively. While the MFC was 100% at concentrations of 18,000 mg/L and 19,000 mg/L for Sincelejo and La Union, respectively. The analysis by GC/MS showed that the flowers of C. odorata collected in Sincelejo correspond to the Linalool chemotype and La Union al Bencil Benzoato. Improvements/Applications: Natural products represent a biotechnological alternative for phytosanitary problems, in this highly polluted planet, thanks to its high antagonistic capacity, zero environmental pollution and high biodegradability.

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Darwin Hernandez ¹, Donicer Montes ¹, Jaime De La Ossa-V ¹

Affiliations
1 University of Sucre, Sincelejo, CO

Abstract

Objective: To associate the proviral load (PVL) of the bovine leukosis virus found in the Harton del Valle (HV) breed with the alleles of the BoLA-DRB3 gene. Methods: In 100 HV animals, the PVL was evaluated using a real-time quantitative PCR and a TaqMan probe; the animals were classified according to their PVL in high proviral load (HPVL) or low proviral load (HPVL). Additionally, the animals were genotyped using the PCR-SBT method. The allele frequencies were estimated. Alleles were associated with HPVL (susceptible, S), LPVL (resistant, R) or neutral (N) using the Odds ratio (OR) statistic and the presence of common amino acids in the R and S alleles were determined. Findings: A total of 22 alleles were found, the *1101 was the most frequent. High-frequency alleles accumulate 71.9%. The PVL mean was 129740 copies/μg of DNA. Seven alleles were associated with PVL, alleles *1002, *1601 and *1701 with HPVL (S) and alleles *0902, *1101, *20012 and *2703 with LPVL (R). The PVL of the alleles S and R was 516966 and 75074 copies/μg of DNA respectively. The allelic frequency R and genotype RR accumulated was higher than that of the alleles and genotypes S. The amino acid Glu located in positions 70 of the DRβ peptide chain was common in the R alleles. Application/Improvements: The resistance to the PVL (LPVL) has particularities in each breed since the alleles according to the literature reports are not the same. These results can be used in selection programs in favor of the genes categorized here as R, and thus, decrease the infection rate of the virus.

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